Daily latest information 😙😈😮 Innovation - HBR
SubscribeSign In
Daily latest information 😙😈😮 Innovation - HBR
Daily latest information 😙😈😮 Innovation - HBR
Daily latest information 😙😈😮 Innovation - HBR
Explore HBR
  • Diversity
  • Latest
  • The Magazine
  • Ascend
  • Most Popular
  • Podcasts
  • Video
  • Store
  • Webinars
  • Newsletters
Popular Topics
  • Managing Yourself
  • Leadership
  • Strategy
  • Managing Teams
  • Gender
  • Innovation
  • Work-life Balance
  • All Topics
For Subscribers
  • The Big Idea
  • Data & Visuals
  • Reading Lists
  • Case Selections
  • Subscribe
My Account
  • My Library
  • Topic Feeds
  • Orders
  • Account Settings
  • Email Preferences
  • Log Out
  • Sign In
SubscribeDiversityLatestPodcastsVideoThe MagazineAscendStoreWebinarsNewslettersAll TopicsThe Big IdeaData & VisualsReading ListsCase SelectionsMy LibraryAccount SettingsLog OutSign In

Your Cart

Your Shopping Cart is empty.
Visit Our Store
Guest User
Subscriber
My LibraryTopic FeedsOrdersAccount SettingsEmail PreferencesLog Out
Reading List
Reading Lists

Innovation

Follow this topic
Following
READ THESE FIRST:

The Innovator’s DNA

EntrepreneurshipMagazine Article
  • Jeffrey H. Dyer
  • Hal Gregersen
  • Save
  • Share

Innovation Isn’t an Idea Problem

InnovationDigital Article
  • David Burkus
  • Save
  • Share
Related Topics:
  • Business and society
  • Business management
  • Economics
  • Entrepreneurship
  • Finance and investing
See All Topics
Latest
LatestPopularFrom the StoreFor You
  • What a DAO Can — and Can’t — Do

    Business and societyBig Idea
    • Jonathan Ruane
    • Andrew McAfee
    An introduction to decentralized autonomous organizations.
    • Save
    • Share
    • May 10, 2022
  • Accenture CEO Julie Sweet on the Most Important Skill Job Seekers Need Today

    Business and societyDigital Article
    If you interview at Accenture, there’s one question you must be able to answer.
    • Save
    • Share
    • May 06, 2022
  • Capture New Value from Your Existing Tech Infrastructure

    Corporate strategyDigital Article
    • Stefan Thomke
    • Anthony Rodrigo
    How a Malaysia-based telecom discovered a new revenue model.
    • Save
    • Share
    • May 05, 2022
  • Act Like a Scientist

    ExperimentationMagazine Article
    • Stefan Thomke
    • Gary W. Loveman
    Great leaders challenge assumptions, run experiments, and follow the evidence.
    • Save
    • Share
    • From the May–June 2022 Issue
  • SPONSOR CONTENT FROM PERSISTENT SYSTEMS

    Video Quick Take: Syneos Health’s Larry Pickett on Using Data and Technology to Improve Patient Outcomes

    Health care and treatmentSponsor Content
    Sponsor content from Persistent Systems.
    • Save
    • Share
    • April 29, 2022
  • Making Quantum Computing a Reality

    Digital transformationDigital Article
    • Andrew Shipilov
    • Nathan Furr
    How Infosys is developing real-world applications of the technology.
    • Save
    • Share
    • April 18, 2022
  • Will mRNA Technology Companies Spawn Innovation Ecosystems?

    Business modelsDigital Article
    • Christoph Grimpe
    • Timo Minssen
    • W. Nicholson Price II
    • Ariel D. Stern
    These platforms could become the Apples and Googles of drug development.
    • Save
    • Share
    • April 18, 2022
  • How One Airline Is Using AR to Improve Operations

    Operations and supply chain managementDigital Article
    • Ting Li
    • Jason Wang
    • Fei Wu
    Lessons in enterprise AR’s potential from China Southern Airlines.
    • Save
    • Share
    • April 05, 2022
  • How Augmented Reality Can — and Can’t — Help Your Brand

    Technology and analyticsDigital Article
    • Sandeep R. Chandukala
    • Srinivas K. Reddy
    • Yong-Chin Tan
    Is it worth the investment?
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 29, 2022
  • Raytheon CEO Gregory Hayes: How Ukraine Has Highlighted Gaps in US Defense Technologies

    Business and societyDigital Article
    How does a company that gets two million hack attempts each week think about security?
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 25, 2022
  • SPONSORED CONTENT FROM TCS

    Enhancing Innovation in Telecom with Digital Twins

    InnovationResearch
    White Paper Sponsored By TCS
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 24, 2022
  • 3 Exercises to Boost Your Team’s Creativity

    CreativityDigital Article
    • Angus Fletcher
    Move beyond brainstorming.
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 24, 2022
  • What Makes a Company “Future Ready”?

    InnovationDigital Article
    • Howard Yu
    • Jialu Shan
    • Angelo Boutalikakis
    • Laurence Tempel
    • Zuriati Balian
    Takeaways from an analysis of 86 companies across four sectors.
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 21, 2022
  • Microsoft’s Jared Spataro on How the Pandemic Sped Up Technological Change (and Moved Us Closer to the Metaverse)

    Business and societyDigital Article
    Avatars, holograms, and other metaverse technologies will facilitate human connection in the months and years ahead.
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 18, 2022
  • Research: To Excel, Diverse Teams Need Psychological Safety

    TeamsResearch
    • Henrik Bresman
    • Amy C. Edmondson
    Findings from a study of 62 drug-development teams.
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 17, 2022
  • HBS Professor Linda Hill Says Leaders Must Engage with Emotions as Never Before

    Business and societyDigital Article
    Skills leaders need today from the professor who wrote the book on leadership.
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 11, 2022
  • Remote Work Has Opened the Door to a New Approach to Hiring

    Hiring and recruitmentDigital Article
    • Adam Ozimek
    • Christopher Stanton
    The “open talent” model is suited to a future that increasingly prioritizes flexibility.
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 11, 2022
  • What Stops Managers from Looking to Other Industries for Inspiration

    InnovationDigital Article
    • Graham Kenny
    It’s a smart strategy. But people often lack the mandate, authority, or confidence to make it happen.
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 11, 2022
  • How Legacy Companies Can Pivot to a Platform Model

    Digital transformationDigital Article
    • Thomas H. Davenport
    Lessons from several firms who have made the switch.
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 09, 2022
  • Business Forecasts Are Reliably Wrong — Yet Still Valuable

    Competitive strategyDigital Article
    • Martin Reeves
    • Suvasini Ramaswamy
    • Annelies O’Dea
    Six ways savvy leaders can use them to gain a competitive advantage.
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 08, 2022
  • Accenture CEO Julie Sweet on the Most Important Skill Job Seekers Need Today

    Business and societyDigital Article
    If you interview at Accenture, there’s one question you must be able to answer.
    • Save
    • Share
    • May 06, 2022
  • How Apple Is Organized for Innovation

    Organizational DevelopmentMagazine Article
    • Joel M. Podolny
    • Morten T. Hansen
    When Steve Jobs returned to Apple, in 1997, it had a conventional structure for a company of its size and scope. It was divided into business units, each...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the November–December 2020 Issue
  • What Is Disruptive Innovation?

    Strategy & ExecutionMagazine Article
    • Clayton M. Christensen
    • Michael E. Raynor
    • Rory McDonald
    For the past 20 years, the theory of disruptive innovation has been enormously influential in business circles and a powerful tool for predicting which...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the December 2015 Issue
  • Know Your Customers' "Jobs to Be Done"

    Sales & MarketingMagazine Article
    • Clayton M. Christensen
    • Taddy Hall
    • Karen Dillon
    • David Duncan
    Firms have never known more about their customers, but their innovation processes remain hit-or-miss. Why? According to Christensen and his coauthors,...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the September 2016 Issue
  • Competitive Advantage of Nations

    Strategy & ExecutionMagazine Article
    • Michael E. Porter
    A four-year, ten-nation study of the patterns of competitive success in leading countries concludes that companies achieve competitive advantage through...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the March–April 1990 Issue
  • Why the Lean Start-Up Changes Everything

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipMagazine Article
    • Steven G. Blank
    In the past few years, a new methodology for launching companies, called "the lean start-up," has begun to replace the old regimen. Traditionally, a venture's...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the May 2013 Issue
  • Why Design Thinking Works

    Design thinkingMagazine Article
    • Jeanne Liedtka
    It addresses the biases and behaviors that hamper innovation.
    • Save
    • Share
    • From the September–October 2018 Issue
  • The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobs

    Leadership & Managing PeopleMagazine Article
    • Walter Isaacson
    The author, whose biography of Steve Jobs was an instant best seller after the Apple CEO's death in October 2011, sets out here to correct what he perceives...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the April 2012 Issue
  • A Refresher on Statistical Significance

    Technology & OperationsDigital Article
    • Amy Gallo
    It's too often misused and misunderstood.
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • February 16, 2016
  • The Truth About Blockchain

    Technology & OperationsMagazine Article
    • Marco Iansiti
    • Karim R. Lakhani
    Contracts, transactions, and records of them provide critical structure in our economic system, but they haven't kept up with the world's digital transformation....
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the January–February 2017 Issue
  • What a DAO Can — and Can’t — Do

    Business and societyBig Idea
    • Jonathan Ruane
    • Andrew McAfee
    An introduction to decentralized autonomous organizations.
    • Save
    • Share
    • May 10, 2022
  • You Need an Innovation Strategy

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipMagazine Article
    • Gary P. Pisano
    Why is it so hard to build and maintain the capacity to innovate? The reason is not simply a failure to execute but a failure to articulate an innovation...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the June 2015 Issue
  • How NFTs Create Value

    Technology & OperationsDigital Article
    • Steve Kaczynski
    • Scott Duke Kominers
    Understanding this new - and often confusing - asset class.
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • November 10, 2021
  • Strategy for Start-ups

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipSpotlight
    • Joshua Gans
    • Erin L. Scott
    • Scott Stern
    Some start-up founders follow a business plan; others operate by the seat of their pants. This package looks at how entrepreneurs can carefully craft...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the May–June 2018 Issue
  • The 4 Types of Innovation and the Problems They Solve

    InnovationDigital Article
    • Greg Satell
    Disruption isn’t the only approach.
    • Save
    • Share
    • June 21, 2017
  • Startups, It's Time to Think Like Camels - Not Unicorns

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipDigital Article
    • Alex Lazarow
    Three strategies for surviving in a tough environment.
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • October 16, 2020
  • Adaptability: The New Competitive Advantage

    Competitive strategyMagazine Article
    • Martin Reeves
    • Mike Deimler
    In a world of constant change, the spoils go to the nimble.
    • Save
    • Share
    • From the July–August 2011 Issue
  • Understanding China

    Global BusinessSpotlight
    • Rana Mitter
    • Elsbeth Johnson
    • J. Stewart Black
    • Allen J. Morrison
    • Zak Dychtwald
    • Adi Ignatius
    This package begins with "What the West Gets Wrong About China," by Rana Mitter and Elsbeth Johnson, which discusses three fundamental misconceptions:...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the May–June 2021 Issue
  • Discipline of Innovation (HBR Classic)

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipMagazine Article
    • Peter F. Drucker
    How much of innovation is inspiration, and how much is hard work? The answer lies somewhere in the middle, says management thinker Peter Drucker. In this...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the August 2002 Issue
  • A Refresher on A/B Testing

    Technology & OperationsDigital Article
    • Amy Gallo
    Spoiler: Many people are doing it wrong.
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • June 28, 2017
  • Dans la rue: Balancing the Heart and the Pocketbook

    Leadership & Managing PeopleCase Study
    • Brian King
    • Wendy Reid
    8.95
    View Details
    This case study of social innovation and entrepreneurship looks closely at the growth of a not-for-profit enterprise. Dans la rue was founded in 1988...
    • Save
    • Share
    • February 03, 2016
  • Devil in the Details: Designing a Social Impact Bond Agreement in Medellin

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipCase Study
    • Pamela Varley
    • Dan Levy
    8.95
    View Details
    In July 2012, three freshly-minted Harvard Kennedy School graduates bought one-way tickets to Medellin, Colombia, to launch a nonprofit startup they called...
    • Save
    • Share
    • July 22, 2015
  • Eli Lilly: Developing Cymbalta

    Sales & MarketingCase Study
    • Elie Ofek
    • Ron Laufer
    8.95
    View Details
    Anticipating the expiration of its Prozac patent, Eli Lilly has to make tough decisions regarding the development of its next-generation antidepressant...
    • Save
    • Share
    • November 27, 2006
  • Digital Transformation at La Presse (B): Implementing the Digital Strategy, Spanish Version

    Strategy & ExecutionCase Study
    • Camille Grange
    • Sandrine Prom Tep
    • Sylvain Senecal
    5.00
    View Details
    Supplement to case HEC206. This (real) case takes place in the context of the newspaper industry, which is being turned upside down by powerful socio-technological...
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 01, 2018
  • Looking for Opportunity in Adversity: Iqbal Quadir and Grameenphone (A)

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipCase Study
    • Bhaskar Chakravorti
    • David Lane
    8.95
    View Details
    Iqbal Quadir, a former New York investment banker, set about to bring universal telecommunications to his native Bangladesh. He was convinced that, GSM,...
    • Save
    • Share
    • March 08, 2010
  • Kellogg Company/eighteen94 capital

    Sales & MarketingCase Study
    • David E. Bell
    • Damien P. McLoughlin
    • Natalie Kindred
    15.05
    View Details
    With 33,000 employees and revenues of $13 billion in 2016, Kellogg Company was the world's largest producer of branded packaged cereal and a leader in...
    • Save
    • Share
    • December 10, 2017
  • SYSCO Corporation

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipCase Study
    • Edward D. Hess
    8.95
    View Details
    As a major player in a $200-billion market with only a 15% market share, SYSCO outperforms its industry competition. This execution champion and organic...
    • Save
    • Share
    • August 29, 2007
  • Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd.: Racing Toward Creative Disruptions

    Strategy & ExecutionCase Study
    • Nadeem Rizvi
    • Rojers Joseph
    8.95
    View Details
    Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. (M&M), an Indian automotive giant, was pursuing strategies to retain the leading position in the domestic automotive space. Traditionally...
    • Save
    • Share
    • August 23, 2021
  • Michael Solomonov: Jerusalem in a Bowl

    Organizational DevelopmentCase Study
    • Boris Groysberg
    • Evan M S Hecht
    • Katherine Connolly Baden
    8.95
    View Details
    Before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, Michael Solomonov and Steven Cook had begun to wonder whether it might be time to rethink their opportunistic approach...
    • Save
    • Share
    • July 17, 2020
  • The Story Behind 'My INSEAD Story' - Part 1

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipCase Study
    • Manuel Sosa
    • Ankur Grover
    8.95
    View Details
    The case tells the story behind "My INSEAD Story" - a unique book for children based on the INSEAD MBA experience of their parents. Sian Bentson and Ankur...
    • Save
    • Share
    • July 30, 2018
  • People Management

    Organizational DevelopmentCase Study
    • Boris Groysberg
    • David Lane
    8.95
    View Details
    Highlights critical gaps between research and practice in the field of strategic human resources management. Also, aims to debunk some myths and preconceptions...
    • Save
    • Share
    • August 05, 2005
  • Sony AIBO: The World's First Entertainment Robot

    Sales & MarketingCase Study
    • Youngme Moon
    15.05
    View Details
    The Sony AIBO is the world's first "entertainment" robot. Positioned as a household "companion," the $1,500 AIBO has become a smash hit in Japan, appealing...
    • Save
    • Share
    • August 16, 2001
  • Patagonia's Path to Carbon Neutrality by 2025

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipCase Study
    • Daniel M. Kammen
    • Paul Hendricks
    • Seren Pendleton-Knoll
    • Vincent Stanley
    • Robert Strand
    8.95
    View Details
    This case study describes Patagonia's goal to become carbon neutral by 2025 in an absolute sense -- that is to reduce emissions to zero while still growing...
    • Save
    • Share
    • April 01, 2018
  • Note on Creating a Viable Venture

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipCase Study
    • Arar Han
    • Charles Holloway
    • Lisa Sweeney
    8.95
    View Details
    This note identifies the key issues that must be addressed in the creation of a viable venture, and provides an overview of the processes and techniques...
    • Save
    • Share
    • January 08, 2011
  • Innovating in Health Care--Glossary

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipCase Study
    • Regina E. Herzlinger
    8.95
    View Details
    Provides a glossary of terms used in Harvard Business School's Innovating in Health Care, 2006, Course.
    • Save
    • Share
    • July 26, 2006
  • Note on Innovations in Philanthropy

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipCase Study
    • J. Gregory Dees
    • Karen Jacobson
    8.95
    View Details
    Provides a framework for thinking systematically about innovations in philanthropy. To be successful and sustainable, innovative approaches to philanthropy...
    • Save
    • Share
    • December 01, 2000
  • Johnson & Johnson's Choice of Regional Headquarters and Innovation Hub: Why Singapore?

    Global BusinessCase Study
    • Arnoud De Meyer
    • Lipika Bhattacharya
    8.95
    View Details
    In 2019, Ai Hua Ong, Group Chairperson, Asia Pacific of Johnson & Johnson (J&J), was ruminating over the choice of Singapore as the company's regional...
    • Save
    • Share
    • September 14, 2020
  • John D. Rockefeller and the Creation of Standard Oil, Portuguese Version

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipCase Study
    • Nancy F. Koehn
    • Katherine Miller
    8.95
    View Details
    Reconstructs the entrepreneurial journey of John D. Rockefeller, founder of Standard Oil and one of the most famous business figures in history. Traces...
    • Save
    • Share
    • February 05, 2007
  • R.R. Donnelley & Sons: The Digital Division, Spanish Version

    Technology & OperationsCase Study
    • David A. Garvin
    • Artemis March
    8.95
    View Details
    In June 1995, Barbara Schetter, VP and general manager of R.R. Donnelley's Digital Division, is struggling to gain acceptance from other groups and divisions...
    • Save
    • Share
    • January 12, 1996
  • Innovating at Arauco: Chile's Largest Forestry Company

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipCase Study
    • Carlos Osorio
    • Pratima Bansal
    8.95
    View Details
    On February 27, 2010, Chile was razed by a three-minute earthquake of 8.8 magnitude on the Richter scale. More than 500 people died and nearly 400,000...
    • Save
    • Share
    • September 07, 2016
  • Accenture CEO Julie Sweet on the Most Important Skill Job Seekers Need Today

    Business and societyDigital Article
    If you interview at Accenture, there’s one question you must be able to answer.
    • Save
    • Share
    • May 06, 2022
  • How Apple Is Organized for Innovation

    Organizational DevelopmentMagazine Article
    • Joel M. Podolny
    • Morten T. Hansen
    When Steve Jobs returned to Apple, in 1997, it had a conventional structure for a company of its size and scope. It was divided into business units, each...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the November–December 2020 Issue
  • What Is Disruptive Innovation?

    Strategy & ExecutionMagazine Article
    • Clayton M. Christensen
    • Michael E. Raynor
    • Rory McDonald
    For the past 20 years, the theory of disruptive innovation has been enormously influential in business circles and a powerful tool for predicting which...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the December 2015 Issue
  • Know Your Customers' "Jobs to Be Done"

    Sales & MarketingMagazine Article
    • Clayton M. Christensen
    • Taddy Hall
    • Karen Dillon
    • David Duncan
    Firms have never known more about their customers, but their innovation processes remain hit-or-miss. Why? According to Christensen and his coauthors,...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the September 2016 Issue
  • Competitive Advantage of Nations

    Strategy & ExecutionMagazine Article
    • Michael E. Porter
    A four-year, ten-nation study of the patterns of competitive success in leading countries concludes that companies achieve competitive advantage through...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the March–April 1990 Issue
  • Why the Lean Start-Up Changes Everything

    Innovation & EntrepreneurshipMagazine Article
    • Steven G. Blank
    In the past few years, a new methodology for launching companies, called "the lean start-up," has begun to replace the old regimen. Traditionally, a venture's...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the May 2013 Issue
  • Why Design Thinking Works

    Design thinkingMagazine Article
    • Jeanne Liedtka
    It addresses the biases and behaviors that hamper innovation.
    • Save
    • Share
    • From the September–October 2018 Issue
  • The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobs

    Leadership & Managing PeopleMagazine Article
    • Walter Isaacson
    The author, whose biography of Steve Jobs was an instant best seller after the Apple CEO's death in October 2011, sets out here to correct what he perceives...
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the April 2012 Issue
  • A Refresher on Statistical Significance

    Technology & OperationsDigital Article
    • Amy Gallo
    It's too often misused and misunderstood.
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • February 16, 2016
  • The Truth About Blockchain

    Technology & OperationsMagazine Article
    • Marco Iansiti
    • Karim R. Lakhani
    Contracts, transactions, and records of them provide critical structure in our economic system, but they haven't kept up with the world's digital transformation....
    • Save
    • Share
    • Buy Copies
    • From the January–February 2017 Issue

Popular Topics

Change

Loading...

Follow this topic
Following
Change

Loading...

Follow this topic
Following
Change

Loading...

Follow this topic
Following
See all topics

Partner Center

DiversityLatestMagazineAscendTopicsPodcastsVideoStoreThe Big IdeaData & VisualsCase Selections
Subscribe
Explore HBR
  • The Latest
  • Most Popular
  • All Topics
  • Magazine Archive
  • The Big Idea
  • Reading Lists
  • Case Selections
  • Video
  • Podcasts
  • Webinars
  • Data & Visuals
  • My Library
  • Newsletters
  • HBR Press
  • HBR Ascend
HBR Store
  • Article Reprints
  • Books
  • Cases
  • Collections
  • Magazine Issues
  • HBR Guide Series
  • HBR 20-Minute Managers
  • HBR Emotional Intelligence Series
  • HBR Must Reads
  • Tools
About HBR
  • Contact Us
  • Advertise with Us
  • Information for Booksellers/Retailers
  • Masthead
  • Global Editions
  • Media Inquiries
  • Guidelines for Authors
  • HBR Analytic Services
  • Copyright Permissions
Manage My Account
  • My Library
  • Topic Feeds
  • Orders
  • Account Settings
  • Email Preferences
  • Account FAQ
  • Help Center
  • Contact Customer Service
Follow HBR
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Instagram
  • Your Newsreader
  • About Us
  • Careers
  • Privacy Policy
  • Cookie Policy
  • Copyright Information
  • Trademark Policy

Harvard Business Publishing:
  • Higher Education
  • Corporate Learning
  • Harvard Business Review
  • Harvard Business School
Copyright ©   Harvard Business School Publishing. All rights reserved. Harvard Business Publishing is an affiliate of Harvard Business School.